Summary of what I have learnt in chapter 3

In this chapter I have learnt things like diffuculties in communication, "Multiculturalism in the Anglo-American World"

I have also learnt a lot about the migration this times. About the migration to the UK and Australia and about their point of views to the refugees. I have worked in group on Australians point of view. We have watched a very good series about six Australians who have different views about Australian’s asylum seekers debate so they are being taken on a journey in reverse to that which refugees have taken to reach Australia. You can watch it here. 

Morevover, I have watched and found some videos of funny communication situations:

This whole video is funny but the parts with the communication problems are at 1:50, 3:37, 5:17.

I have also learnt the meanings of these two concepts:

• People traffickers are people who are trading other people, most commonly, for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker. Nevertheless, it is a human trading and big problem of the world. 

• Frontex is s an agency of the European Union established in 2004 to manage the cooperation between national border guards securing its external borders. Frontex operations aim to detect and stop illegal immigration, human trafficking and terrorist infiltration. The agency has its seat in Warsaw, Poland. Frontex helps the countries of Europe manage their borders and keep up with changing trends in border control.

Also, the differences between economic migrants and refugees.

Refugees are people who are escaping their motherland because of war or threat of life, health or freedom but economic migrants are people who leave their country to seek better living standards.

Sources: 

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_migrant

- http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/General/Frontex_at_a_Glance.pdf

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontex

Spot check pages 102&112&115

a) Why culture is important for communication?

In communication that what we are saying is a web of assumptions, values, expectations, feelings, ideas and common experiences that we 

share. They all taken together can be our culture.

b) Why is command of English in itself no longer enough for accurate communication?

Since English is increasingly used in intercultural communication, it has become important for English speakers to train themselves to be aware both of their own culture and of the culture of the people they speak with.

c) Into what three parts can communication be divided?

- a sender

- a message

- a receiver

d) What is cultural relativism?

Cultural relativism is the opposite of ethnocentrism. It means that one does not dismiss or condemn other cultures simply because they are different from one’s own.

p. 112

a) What percentage of the UK population is of New Commonwealth heritage?

The 10% of the UK population is of New Commonwealth heritage.

b) Why is the US referred to as a “Nation of Nations”?

Because the massive immigration has created a patchwork quilt of nationalities spread across the continent.

c) What is the difference between a community and an association?

A community is held together by blood, language, territory, history and common values while association is something consciously created by a common set of rules and laws.

d) Why do some believe that multiculturalism has gone too far?

They say that it threatens central values and characteristics of the nations.

e) Why do some believe that multiculturalism hasn’t gone far enough?

They say that minority cultures are under pressure to conform from an established majority, which does not recognize them as equals. In their view, it is not necessary for ethnic minorities to give up their cultural identity in order to belong to the nation. 


p. 115

a) What kind of jobs did many New Commonwealth immigrants to the UK get?

New Commonwealth immigrants often got unskilled, poorly paid jobs.

b) Why have some of New Commonwealth heritage felt frustrated in the UK?

Because of racism and cultural prejudic. 
c) How have new ethnic minorities contributed to British society? 

They have contributed to British society by bringing new food and traditions. Also by contributing to the national economy by working. 

d) Why do some Britons wish to end “state multiculturalism”?

They want to end it because they think that it has come too far.


e) What is meant by the term “beyond multiculturalism”? 

It means to create society that gives respect for minority cultures, as well as ensuring their integration into the nation.  

Sources:
-Access to International English (pages 108-115)

Larry Sanger- the co-founder of Wikipedia

Lawrence Mark "Larry" Sanger (born July 16, 1968) is an American Internet project developer, co- founder of Wikipedia, which was launched in 2001, and the founder of Citizendium. He grew up in Anchorage, Alaska. He graduated from high school in 1986 and went off to Reed College, majoring in philosophy. Sanger has taught philosophy at Ohio State University and was an early strategist for the expert-authored Encyclopedia of Earth. 

Sanger with the co-founder of Wikipedia Jimmy Wales

He has worked on developing educational projects for individuals behind WatchKnowLearn. He has designed a web-based reading program named Reading Bear which aims to teach children how to read, and started a crowdsourcing project named Infobitt. Moreover, Sanger received a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy from Reed College in 1991, a Master of Arts from Ohio State University in 1995, and a Doctor of Philosophy from Ohio State University in 2000. Likewise, since 2000 he lived in San Diego. Also, he was married in Las Vegas in December 2001. In January 2002 he returned to Columbus, Ohio, where he currently resides with his wife and two children. 

One of the Sanger's quotes

Following this link you can read some of Sanger's quotes.

Sources:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger
- http://www.azquotes.com/quote/773483

Variety of English- Australian English

Australian English (AusE, AuE, AusEng, en-AU) is a major variety of the English language and is used throughout Australia. Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is the country's de facto official language and is the first language of the majority of the population.

Fun expressions:
- Let's have a barbie on the weekend / Let's have a barbecue on the weekend
- He's a good bloke / He's a nice man
- No worries, mate / No problem, my friend
- Do you wanna hang out later this avo? / Do you want to meet me later this afternoon?
- Take away food / Take-out food 
- Don't come the raw prawn / Don't try to fool me.

Differences between British and Australian English 

Here is a video that you can learn more about the Australian English.

Sources:
- http://www15.uta.fi/FAST/US1/REF/aust-eng.html
- http://ndla.no/en/node/84287
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_English

Tasks 1&2 p.26 (Access to International English)

1. The most important thing for getting message across when I talk with non-norwegian is my vocabulary because I can figure out what someone with a bad pronunciation is saying or meaning.

2.

• Vocabulary

The paragraph is about the "Outer Circle" and "Inner Circle" and it tells us about the native speakers and nations that are in these circles.

• Standards

This paragraph tells us about the non-native speakers and what mistakes when they make when they are using English.

• Other "Englishes"

This paragraphs is about the different ways to speak English.

• The future of English

The last paragraph is about the forms that English will be using in the future; one they speak locally as their dialect, a national variety for education and business, and then a standard international English for communicating with foreigners.

Source:
- Access to International English (pages 21-25)